In March 1776, Congress’ Committee of Secret Correspondence dispatched Connecticut politician and merchant Silas Deane on a mission to France, where he covertly met with Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, a confidant of Louis XVI. Beaumarchais, who described himself in a letter to Congress as an “ardent” supporter of the American rebels, established a front organization, Roderigue Hortalez & Company, to smuggle French, Dutch and Spanish guns, clothing and other supplies to the colonists, directly and via the West Indies. He also provisioned Washington’s troops with gunpowder made by Antoine Lavoisier—France’s gunpowder guru.
In 1775, Lavoisier had assumed control of France’s national gunpowder production. Considered the founder of the Chemical Revolution, he brought exacting standards and new refining techniques to what had previously been a simple but inexact process of mixing three simple ingredients. After extensive tests, Lavoisier eventually settled on a ratio of 75 percent saltpeter, 12.5 percent charcoal and 12.5 percent sulfur. He later declared the resulting French gunpowder “the best in Europe.”
More important than its quality was its availability. The Colonies lacked the industrial capacity to make powder and guns, so they didn’t need the best—they just needed any at all. Thanks to Beaumarchais and other sympathizers, they got them. By the end of 1777, France had smuggled roughly two million pounds of gunpowder and 60,000 French arms into the Colonies—roughly one for every soldier in the Continental Army. These shipments led to the American victory at Saratoga in October 1777, a decisive moment for independence.
I guess America's defense industrial base wasn't always what it is (or was, anyway.)
One of his proteges in this was E. I. DuPont
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