From the NSF's Survey of Earned Doctorates, the latest data, which is for the class of graduates during the 2019 calendar year. First, the demographic data (tab 58):
All doctorate recipients (number): 2,941
Sex (%): Male 60.9 / Female 39.1 / Unknown 0.0
Citizenship (%): U.S. citizen or permanent resident 60.6, Temporary visa holder 36.4, Unknown 3
Marital status (%): Never married 48.9, Married 32.2, Marriage-like relationship 7.5, Separated, divorced, widowed 1.2, Unknown 10.2
Bachelor's in same field as doctorate (%): 73.2
Master's earned (%): 37.2
Age at doctorate (median years): 28.9
Time to doctorate (median years): From bachelor's 6.3, From graduate school start 5.8, From doctoral program start 5.3
Now, their destinations (
tab 59):
Definite postgraduation study: 982 (36% of respondents to this question)
Definite employment: 788 (29% of respondents to this question)
Seeking employment or study: 878 (33% of respondents to this question)
Other: 63 (3% of respondents to this question)
Definite postgraduation study (%): Postdoc fellowship or research associateship 96.9, Other or unknown 3.1
Definite employment (%): Academe 16.2, Government 4.4, Industry or business 75.8, Nonprofit organization 1.0, Other or unknown 2.5
Primary activity (%): R&D 70.4, Teaching 14.0, Management or administration 3.7, Professional services 11.2, Other 0.7
Median starting salaries for those employed (does not count postdoctoral appointments) (
tab 49):
Academe: $54,000
Industry or business: $102,158
Government: $80,000
Nonprofit organization: $81,000
Other or unknown: $50,000